Substitutions

TERMS

tsp = teaspoon; tbsp = tablespoon

c = cup; pt = pint; qt = quart; gal = gallon 

fl oz = fluid ounce; oz = ounce

ml = milliliter; l = liter

g = gram; kg = kilogram

lb = pound

SUBSTITUTIONS

Flours, Thickeners, & Grains

1 c all-purpose (AP) flour = 1½ c rolled oats 

1 c AP flour = 1 c rice flour

1 lb AP flour = 3½ to 4 c AP flour

1 c cake flour = 1 c AP flour - 2 tbsp AP flour

1 c self-rising flour = 7/8 cup AP flour + 1½ tsp baking powder + ½ tsp salt

1 tbsp cornstarch = 2 tbsp AP flour 

1 tbsp cornstarch = 2 tsp arrowroot

1 c uncooked rice = 3 to 4 c cooked rice

Spices

1 tsp allspice = ½ tsp cinnamon + ¼ tsp ginger + ¼ tsp ground cloves

1 clove fresh garlic = 1/8 to ¼ tsp garlic powder

1 clove fresh garlic = ½ tsp minced fresh garlic

1 tsp minced fresh ginger = ½ tsp ground dried ginger

1 tsp hot pepper sauce = ¾ tsp cayenne pepper + 1 tsp white vinegar

1 tsp pumpkin pie spice = ½ tsp cinnamon + ¼ tsp nutmeg + 1/8 tsp allspice + 1/8 tsp cardamom

1 whole bay leaf = ¼ tsp crushed bay leaf

1 portion Herbes de Provence = 4 parts thyme + 4 parts savory + 2 parts lavender + 1 part rosemary

1 tbsp fresh herbs = 1 tsp dried herbs

Chocolate & Cocoa

4 oz baking chocolate = 4 squares baking chocolate

4 oz baking chocolate = ¾ c unsweetened cocoa + ¼ c Crisco

1 oz semi-sweet chocolate = 1 oz semi-sweet chocolate chips + 1 tsp shortening

6 oz semi-sweet chocolate = 2 squares unsweetened chocolate + 2 tbsp shortening + ½ c sugar

1 oz unsweetened chocolate = 3 tbsp unsweetened cocoa powder + 1 tbsp shortening

1 c chocolate = 6 oz chocolate chips

1 lb chocolate = 3 1/3 c grated chocolate

Sweeteners & Sugars

1 c white sugar = 1 c brown sugar 

1 c white sugar = 1¼ c confectioner's sugar 

1 c white sugar = ¾ c honey + ½ tsp baking soda (bake 25º lower than the recipe calls for) 

1 c white sugar = ¾ c corn syrup

2 ½ c white sugar = 1 lb white sugar

1 c brown sugar = 3/4 c white sugar + ¼ c molasses

2 ¼ c packed brown sugar = 1 lb brown sugar

3 ¾ to 4 c powdered sugar = 1 lb powdered sugar 

1 c corn syrup = 1 ¼ c white sugar, 1/3 c water 

1 c corn syrup = 1 c honey

1 1/3 c honey = 16 oz honey

Dairy & Eggs

1 c whole milk = 1 c fat-free milk + 2 tbsp melted butter 

1 c whole milk = 1 c water + ¼ c dry milk powder 

1 c whole milk = 2/3 c evaporated milk + 1/3 c water 

1 c whole milk = 1 c orange juice (for vegetable and fruit breads)

1 c cream = 1 c evaporated milk 

1 c cream = ¾ c milk + 1/3 c butter

1 14 oz can sweetened condensed milk = 1 ¼ c sweetened condensed milk

1 ¼ c sweetened condensed milk = ¾ c white sugar + ½ c water + 1 1/8 c dry powdered milk (boil, stirring frequently until thickened, for about 20 minutes)

2/3 c evaporated milk = 5 oz evaporated milk

1 c sweetened whipping cream = 4 ½ oz thawed frozen whipped topping 

1 c whipping cream, unwhipped = 2 c whipping cream, whipped

1 c buttermilk = 1 c plain yogurt 

1 c buttermilk = 1 c milk – 1 tbsp milk + 1 tbsp lemon juice or white vinegar (let rest for a few minutes) 

1 c “butter soy milk” = 1 c soy milk – 1 tbsp soy milk + 1 tbsp white vinegar (let rest for a few minutes)

1 c butter = ½ c oil - 1 tbsp oil + ½ c applesauce

1 c butter = 2 sticks butter

1 c butter = ½ lb butter

1 c sour cream = 1 c Greek yogurt =

1 c sour cream = 1 c cream – 1 tbsp cream + 1 tbsp lemon juice or white vinegar

1 c sour cream = ¾ c buttermilk + 1/3 c butter

1 c shredded cheese = 4 oz shredded cheese

6 tbsp cream cheese = 3 oz cream cheese

1 c cream cheese = 8 oz cream cheese

1 egg = 3 tbsp mayonnaise 

1 egg = ½ mashed banana + ½ tsp baking powder (use in recipes with other liquid) 

1 egg = 1 tbsp powdered flax seed soaked in 3 tbsp water 

1 egg = 2 tbsp corn starch (use in recipes with other liquid) 

1 egg = 2 heaping tbsp mashed avocado

1 whole egg = 2 egg yolks + 1 tsp cold water

Oils & Shortenings

1 c margarine = 1 c shortening + ½ tsp salt 

1 c margarine = 7/8 c vegetable oil + ½ tsp salt

1 c vegetable oil = 1 c applesauce

1 lb shortening = 2 ½ c shortening

1 c shortening = 1 c margarine - ½ tsp salt from the recipe

Fruits & Vegetables

1 tsp lemon juice = ½ tsp vinegar 

1 tsp lemon juice = 1 tsp white wine

1 medium lemon = 1 to 3 tbsp lemon juice

1 medium lemon = 2 to 3 tsp grated lemon zest

1 tsp grated lemon peel = ½ tsp dried lemon peel

1 medium orange = 6 to 8 tbsp orange juice

1 medium orange = 2 to 3 tbsp grated orange zest

1 tsp freshly grated orange peel = ½ tsp dried orange peel

1 medium apple = 1 c sliced apple 

1 lb raw apples = ½ lb cooked apples

1 medium banana = 1 c sliced banana 

1 2/3 c shredded coconut = 4 oz shredded coconut

1 lb seedless raisins = 2 ¾ to 3 c seedless raisins

2 c tomato sauce = ¾ c tomato paste + 1 c water

3 medium tomatoes = 1 lb tomatoes

2 medium tomatoes = 1 ½ c peeled and seeded tomatoes

1 medium cucumber = 1 ½ c sliced cucumber 

1 large bell pepper = 1 c chopped bell pepper

6 c sliced mushrooms = 1 lb mushrooms

1 medium onion = ½ to ¾ c sliced onion

6 c sliced onion = 1 lb sliced onion

2 c peas = 10 oz peas

1 c beans = 6 ½ oz beans

2 ½ c beans = 1 lb beans

Nuts

1 c almonds = 4 oz slivered almonds 

4 c halved pecans = 1 lb shelled pecans

1 c chopped walnuts = 4 oz chopped walnuts

Meat, Seafood, & Broth

1 large boned chicken breast = 2 c cubed cooked chicken meat

1 ¾ c chicken broth = 13 ¾ oz chicken broth

1 lb shrimp = 10-15 jumbo shrimp

1 lb shrimp = 16-20 large shrimp

1 lb shrimp = 25-30 medium shrimp 

Other Foods

1 0.25 oz package active dry yeast = 1 cake compressed yeast 

1 0.25 oz package active dry yeast = 2 ½ tsp active dry yeast 

1 0.25 oz package active dry yeast = 2 ½ tsp rapid rise yeast 

1 tsp baking powder = ¼ tsp baking soda + ½ tsp cream of tartar + ¼ tsp cornstarch 

1 tsp baking powder = ¼ tsp baking soda + ½ c buttermilk – ½ c other liquids in recipe

1 tsp cream of tartar = 2 tsp lemon juice

1 c marshmallows = 11 large marshmallows